Upon completing Module 3, students will be able to:

 

• Identify why integrating omics with clinical data matters for understanding CLD heterogeneity — from uncovering disease mechanisms to supporting improved clinical modelling and decision-making.

 

• Distinguish what each omic layer “captures” and their limitations — including recognition of how the chosen biological layer shapes the interpretation and downstream utility of the omic profiling effort.

 

• Identify foundational integration strategies and challenges to link omics with clinical phenotypes — from sample harmonization, batch correction, early vs. late, to linking molecular and clinical classifications.

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• Assess endotypes and trajectories as complements to standard clinical classification — to incorporate how molecular classification can reveal endophenotypes and trajectories that may not be captured in traditional scoring systems.

 

• Evaluate how integration supports biomarkers, risk modelling and clinical trial design — from discovery to transferability and application.